Gushyira imbere inganda za aluminiyumu muri Guinée byihutisha, Sisitemu yo gukaranga no gushushanya ihinduka ingenzi mu gushyigikira icyifuzo cya aluminiyumu ikoresha amashanyarazi

Mu gihe havuguruwe uruhererekane rw'inganda zikora aluminiyumu ku isi, Guinée yafashe neza urwego rw'ibanze rw'inganda zikora aluminiyumu ku isi.

Ifite toni miliyari 7.4 z'amabuye y'agaciro ya bauxite ashobora gukoreshwa, amabuye y'agaciro ya silikoni nkeya n'ay'agaciro menshi afite alumina iri hagati ya 45% na 62%, ndetse n'inyungu karemano zo gushyingura mu buryo butaringaniye no gucukura mu byobo bifunguye byoroshye, Guineya yiganjemo 70% by'isoko ry'ubucuruzi rya bauxite ryo mu nyanja ku isi. Ikigaragara ni uko 74% bya bauxite yo mu Bushinwa itumizwa mu mahanga ituruka muri Guineya, bigatuma iba inkingi y'ingenzi y'ibikoresho fatizo byo mu Bushinwa bitanga ibikoresho by'ibanze.

Nyuma y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye rya Gahunda y’Igihugu ya Simandou 2040 muri Guinée, ishoramari ryose mu myaka 15 rigeze kuri miliyari 200 z’amadolari y’Amerika, aho icyiciro cya mbere (2025-2030) cyageze kuri miliyari 65 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bihindura burundu imiterere y’iterambere ry’inganda zo mu gace.

Guverinoma ya Guinée yateje imbere cyane politiki nshya y’igihugu ku bijyanye n’umutungo kamere. Mu gusubiza uburenganzira bw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro budafite icyo buvuze, kugenzura umusaruro kugira ngo ibiciro bikomeze kugabanuka, no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro mu gihugu, bibuza byimazeyo kohereza mu mahanga amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa “fat flakes”, bigatuma bauxite itunganywa mu gihugu ikavamo alumina, electrolytic aluminum na aluminiyumu.

Ibigo bikomeye by’Abashinwa birimo Aluminium Corporation yo mu Bushinwa (CHINALCO), SMB Winning Consortium na SPIC byafashe iya mbere mu gushyiraho imiterere, bitangiza imishinga ya alumina ingana na toni miliyoni 1.2 buri mwaka, ndetse binatangiza uburyo bwose bwo gushyira mu bikorwa "bauxite - alumina - electrolytic aluminum - aluminium ingot". Igihugu cya Guineya kirimo guhinduka vuba cyane kiva ku isoko rimwe ry’amabuye y’agaciro rijya kuba ikigo cy’ingenzi gikora aluminiyumu muri Afurika.

Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu mu nganda, iyo bauxite imaze gushonga ikaba alumina, gushyira ubushobozi bwose mu gukora aluminiyumu ya electrolytic bizaba urwego runini rw'inganda.

Dukurikije imibare y’abahanga mu by’inganda, toni miliyoni 1.2 za alumina zishobora gukora toni zigera kuri 635.300 za aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mu buryo bw’imitekerereze. Nyuma yo gukuramo igihombo cya electrolysis mu nganda no gutwika, umusaruro uhoraho w’ingoti za aluminiyumu ugera kuri toni 610.000 kugeza 615.000.

Umuyoboro w’ingufu za aluminiyumu utanga umusaruro wa toni 600.000 buri mwaka ugomba gukoresha toni zigera ku 300.000 za anode zitetse mbere na toni 15.000 za cathode carbon blocks buri mwaka. Nk’igice cy’ingenzi cy’ingenzi mu gukora aluminiyumu ikoresheje amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bwo gutanga no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa anode zitetse mbere bigena mu buryo butaziguye imikorere ihamye, kugabanya ikiguzi no kunoza imikorere y’imishinga ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mu gihugu muri Guineya.

Mu gikorwa cyo gukora anode zatetse mbere, sisitemu yo gushyushya no gushushanya ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi, gikubiyemo uburyo bwose bwo gupima ibintu byumye, gushushanya ubushyuhe buhoraho, guhindura umutsima no gukora vibration.

Ikora cyane cyane mu kuvanga ibintu bivanze na karuboni nka peteroli na pitch coke hamwe n'icyuma gifunga, kurangiza gukata, gukaranga no kwinjira mu buryo bukurikije ubushyuhe busanzwe kugira ngo hakorwe plastike ihuye neza, hanyuma igakorwa neza mu bice bisanzwe bya anode.

Uburyo bwo gukaranga no gukora neza bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bucucike bw'ibice byinshi, ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi n'imbaraga za anode, kandi bikagira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, imikorere myiza y'ubu n'igipimo cy'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukora aluminiyumu ya electrolytic, bikaba ari garanti y'ibanze yo gukoresha neza kandi ku buryo buke imiyoboro ikora aluminiyumu ya electrolytic.

Kugeza ubu, Gineya ifite ibibazo bikomeye mu gushyigikira inyubako zayo za aluminiyumu. Nubwo ubushobozi bwa aluminiyumu na electrolytic bushyirwa mu bikorwa ku muvuduko wihuta, ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira nka anode zatetse mbere na cathode carbone blocks ntabwo bihagije cyane, kandi urwego rw’inganda rushyigikira umunyururu harimo ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, soda ya caustic na carbone forming equipment nta kintu na kimwe kirimo.

Nyuma yo gusinya no gutangiza ku mugaragaro umushinga wa CHINALCO wa alumina wa toni miliyoni 1.2, no kwihutisha kubaka imishinga ya alumina ya SMB na SPIC, umubare munini w'imirongo ikora aluminiyumu izatangizwa cyane, bigatuma hakenewe cyane sisitemu zo gukaranga no gukora zikora neza kandi nini.

Mu rwego rwo kwibanda ku iterambere ry’inganda za aluminiyumu zo muri Guinée, sisitemu yo gushyushya no gushushanya ibikoresho by’umwuga ifite ibyiza byinshi by’ingenzi nko kuba ishobora guhuza n’ubushobozi bunini, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ikoreshwa, ireme rihamye no guhuza ibikorwa n’ibikorwa byo mu mahanga no kubungabunga ibikoresho.

HWAPENGSisitemu yo gushyushya no gukaranga ikora neza cyanenaSisitemu yo gukora HP-EVC800 Extrusion VibrocompactorHifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rihamye ryo kugenzura ubushyuhe hamwe n'ikosa ryo gupima ubushyuhe rigenzurwa muri ± 2℃, ibikoresho bishobora gukora neza mu buryo buhamye ibikoresho byumye bishyushya, gukaranga no gukonjesha;

Ishobora kongera neza igipimo cy’umusaruro wa anode ku kigero cya 2%-5%, ikagabanya ikoreshwa ry’umuvuduko ku kigero kirenga 2%, yongera ubucucike bw’umuvuduko ku kigero cya 0.02, kandi ikagabanya cyane igihombo cy’umusaruro wa electrolysis n’ikiguzi cy’imikorere.

Hagati aho, igishushanyo mbonera cya modular kijyanye no gushyiraho no gutangiza imishinga yo mu mahanga, kandi imiterere ifunze irinda gusohoka kw'umukungugu n'imyuka, ikurikiza amabwiriza yo kurengera ibidukikije muri Guinée kandi ihaza neza icyifuzo cy’ibice bya anode carbon blocks by’imirongo ikora ingot ya aluminiyumu ifite umusaruro wa toni 600.000 ku mwaka no hejuru.

Urebye imbere, bitewe na politiki ya Guinée n'imiterere y'inganda z'ibigo by'Abashinwa, gutunganya bauxite mu buryo bwimbitse mu gihugu byahindutse ikintu kidasubirwaho, kandi ubushobozi bwa aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu buzakomeza kwaguka.

Nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gukora anode itekeshejwe mbere, sisitemu yo gushyushya no gushushanya izuzura icyuho cy’inganda za aluminiyumu zo muri Guinée, ibe inzira y'ingenzi yo gushyiraho inzira y’inganda za aluminiyumu zo muri Afurika no gusangira inyungu zo gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bw’ibanze, kandi ifashe ibigo by’Abashinwa kunoza urwego rw’inganda zose z’ “umutungo + ibikorwa remezo + gutunganya + ibikoresho bishyigikira”, ikomeza gusuzuma isoko ry’inganda za aluminiyumu zo mu nyanja ya Gineya ku rwego rwa tiriyari.